John, his wife Sue, and their son Josh are on a family road trip. John needs to wear glasses when he drives because he cannot clearly see distant objects. Sue cannot assist with driving because she cannot distinguish red lights from green lights. Both parents complain that Josh’s loud music is making their ears ring. Meanwhile, Josh begins to feel dizzy and nauseated in the backseat. Josh feels that his father is driving too slowly, because the car doesn’t seem to be moving against the mountains in the distance, even though his father is driving 70mph. Give detailed explanations of potential causes for each of the following:

i. John’s poor eyesight






ii. Sue’s difficulty distinguishing red from green






iii. John and Sue’s ringing ears






iv. Josh’s nausea and dizziness






v. Josh’s perception that they are not going very fast